Document the rules of untagged variants, with tests pinning them
Why
The rules of untagged variants (payload kinds, run-time recognition, well-formedness, option and @notUndefined, @as and @tag) are stated once, each with the code that implements it and a test that pins it, so a change to them reads as a diff to this statement.
compiler/ml/UntaggedVariants.md states 14 rules, the known bugs observed on this tree, and the open questions for recognizing payloads by declared class or typeof kind. untagged_variants_spec_test.res asserts which case each value lands in; two super_errors fixtures cover the string-case limit and duplicate literals in a tagged variant.